Koukandowie and Chambigne Nature Reserves include important areas of old growth forest in a mostly undisturbed condition and key habitats, as well as being an important part of several regional corridors. A total of 259 plant species have been recorded within Chambigne Nature Reserve, including 4 threatened species, while 42 species have been recorded within Koukandowie Nature Reserve. Surveys of Koukandowie Nature Reserve by NPWS in 2002 revealed the presence of 129 fauna species including 12 threatened species.
The reserves are also located in an area that is significant to Aboriginal culture which contains sites of national and regional importance.