Upper Nepean State Conservation Area protects an undisturbed landscape, 13 threatened ecological communities that cover nearly 15% of the park, 9 threatened plant species and 32 threatened animal species. This includes the protection of a significant population of koalas.
The park also helps to protect Aboriginal cultural heritage.
Upper Nepean State Conservation Area is part of the Metropolitan Special Area, which protects the land of the Upper Nepean catchment, and is jointly managed by National Parks and Wildlife Service and WaterNSW. The park contributes high quality raw water to the drinking water supply for Greater Sydney, the Illawarra and Wollondilly Shire.
This is the first plan of management for this park which is managed cooperatively by National Parks and Wildlife Service and WaterNSW.